Resumen Antecedentes: la prediabetes es una condición reversible y su tratamiento una oportunidad para modificar prácticas no saludables. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del Modelo Multi-componente de Telecuidado para apoyo a personas con prediabetes y obesidad en Chile. Método: ensayo clínico controlado en centros de atención primaria, Santiago, Chile. Se realizó un muestreo y asignación aleatoria en cada uno de los 5 centros de salud participantes. Participantes: 70 adultos con pre-diabetes, IMC: 25-34 y acceso a telefonía móvil. GI (n = 33), recibió modelo: consejerías telefónicas, envío de SMS, material educativo y equipos auto-monitoreo; y GC (n = 32) atención habitual atención habitual y equipos de auto-monitoreo. Medición pre y post intervención de los conocimientos sobre Prediabetes, alimentación no saludable, actividad física, peso, circunferencia de cintura, Glicemia, Triglicéridos y Colesterol Total. Resultados: en el GI, la intervención fue efectiva en mantener estable el nivel de conocimientos sobre pre-diabetes y disminuir nivel de triglicéridos. El modelo no superó a la atención habitual en disminución del peso, circunferencia de cintura, glicemia y colesterol total.

Abstract Background: Prediabetes is a reversible condition and its treatment a chance to change unhealthy practices. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component tele-care model to support people with pre-diabetes and obesity in Chile. Method: a randomized clinical trial in primary care setting, Santiago, Chile. Participants: 70 adults with pre-diabetes: BMI between 25 and 34 and access to mobile phone. GI (n = 33) received telephone counseling, SMS, educational materials and self-monitoring equipment and GC (n = 32) usual care and self-monitoring equipment. Measures of knowledge of prediabetes, unhealthy diet, physical activity, weight, waist circumference, glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol were made pre and post intervention. Results: in GI the intervention to maintain stable knowledge level about pre-diabetes, and decrease triglycerides level was effective. The model did not exceed usual care for decrease in weight, waist circumference, glucose and cholesterol.

The aging population increased the possibility of need to be care. Historically women have assumed this task adding it to those performed as paid workers. This dual role is a risk factor for the health of workers, quality of care delivery and job performance. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of intervention for workers who perform tasks of informal care on the perceived burden of care and social support program. Methods: A pre-post test study with 25 workers who wield dual role of informal caregivers. Conclusions: The intervention was effective to reduce the perceived burden of care and increase the perception of social support, which makes it highly recommended such interventions contributing to the health of workers and family caregiver.

El envejecimiento de la población aumenta la posibilidad de requerir cuidados, los cuales son proprocionados por las familias, especialmente por las mujeres. Para quienes tienen trabajo remunerado, significa cumplir un doble rol. Esto es un factor de riesgo para la salud del trabajador, la calidad del cuidado entregado y su rendimiento laboral Objetivos: evaluar el efecto de programa piloto de apoyo a trabajadores que ejercen tareas de cuidado informal, sobre su percepción de carga de cuidado y de apoyo social. Métodos: estudio pre-postest, con 25 funcionarios que ejercen el doble rol de trabajador-cuidador informal. Resultados: la intervención demostró ser efectiva al disminuir la percepción de carga de cuidado y aumentar la percepción de apoyo social. Conclusión: intervenciones implementadas dentro del ámbito laboral y con el apoyo de la institución aportan a la percepción de apoyo de los trabajadores y a su satisfacción con el programa.

Background: Telephone based self-management support may improve the metabolic control of patients with type 2 (DM2) diabetes if it is coordinated with primary care centers, if telephone protocols and clinical guidelines are used and if it is provided by nurses trained in motivational interviewing. Aim: To assess the efficacy ofi a tele-care self-management support model (ATAS) on metabolic control of patients with DM2 attending primary care centers in a low income area in Santiago, Chile. Material and Methods: Two primary care centers were randomly assigned to continue with usual care (control group, CG) or to receive additionally 6 telecare self-management support interventions (IG) during a 15 month period. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used to measure metabolic control of DM2; the “Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Measure” and the “Spanish Diabetes Self-efficacy” scale were used to measure self-management and self efficacy, respectively. Changes in the use of health services were also evaluated. Results: The IG maintained its HbA1c level (baseline and final levels of 8.3 ± 2.3 % and 8.5 ± 2.2% respectively) whereas it deteriorated in the CG (baseline and final levels of 7.4 ± 2.3 and 8.8 ± 2.3 % respectively, p < 0.001). The perception of self-efficacy in the IG improved while remaining unchanged in the CG (p < 0.001). Adherence to medication, physical activity and foot care did not change in either group. In the IG, compliance to clinic visits increased while emergency care visits decreased. Conclusions: The ATAS intervention, in low income primary care centers, significantly increased the probability of stabilizing the metabolic control of patients with DM2 and improved their use of health services.

Background: In Chile, in approximately 50% of nursing students, nursing was not their first choice as career. Usually, during the first year, these students must decide whether they would like to continue in the same career. A valid tool is needed to identify decisional conflicts and their contributing factors among these students and to develop an appropriate strategy to support them duríng their decision-making process. Aim: To translate into Spanish and validate the Generic Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). Material and methods: The DCS was translated from English to Spanish and was used with 331 first-year nursing students at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. The scale was assessed for validity and reliability using statistical tests, including factor analysis and Cronbach alpha test. Results: The Spanish version of the DCS had acceptable validity and reliability. Factorial analysis identified four factors and only the item: "advice" loaded the other factors. Cronbach alpha was 0.80. Conclusions: DCS is a valid and useful instrument to identify decisional conflicts and contributing factors to continue studies among nursing students.

The School of Nursing at the Catholic University of Chile (PUC) has been implementing, since 1983 a health care model based on selfcare. (Lange I., Jaimovich S.1996). This work has been enriched with the Ottawa Health Decision Support framework developed in the nineties, in Canada, by O’Connor, A. et al. With the support of the Canadian team and the financial support of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) the project “Making Choices, Making Decisions: A Client/Provider Partnership in Canadian/Chilean Technology Transfer” (DECIDE) was carried out in Chile between 1999 and 2003. The dissemination phase of this project included collaboration with other schools of nursing to promote the incorporation of the Ottawa Decision Support Framework and tool kits for decision support into the nursing curriculum. This experience generated a networking model among the Schools, which enriched and strengthened the DECIDE project, regarding identity, pace and particular interests of each participating institution. As a result of this networking experience, a continuing education program was developed to improve the decision support skills of health professionals to improve the decision making abilities of their clients. This “semi presential” continuing education program will be useful to train health professionals in other Latin American countries as it incorporates distance learning methodologies. This article describes the networking process among 6 schools of nursing of different regions of Chile and the lessons learned. It demonstrates that networking is an efficient and feasible strategy to strengthen and potentialize nursing development

La Escuela de Enfermería de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) ha desarrollado, desde 1983, un modelo de atención de salud basado en el autocuidado (Lange I., Jaimovich S. 1996). Esta línea de trabajo fue enriquecida con el marco conceptual de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en salud desarrollado a partir de la década del noventa por O’Connor et al. Con el apoyo de estos autores, se inició el proyecto “Elecciones y decisiones en salud: una alianza profesional/usuaria con transferencia tecnológica canadiense chilena” (DECIDE), financiado por la Agencia Canadiense de Desarrollo Internacional (ACDI). Este proyecto incluyó una fase de trabajo colaborativo con otras escuelas de enfermería del país para incorporar el marco conceptual y la tecnología de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en salud en la formación de los futuros profesionales. Esta experiencia generó un modelo de trabajo en redes que permitió enriquecerla y ampliar la cobertura del proyecto, respetando individualidades e intereses de las escuelas participantes. Su sistematización permitió desarrollar un modelo de educación continua semipresencial en “Apoyo a la toma de decisiones en salud” que puede ser utilizado para capacitar enfermeras y otros profesionales de la salud de América Latina. Este artículo da a conocer el proceso vivido y las lecciones aprendidas, con el fin de demostrar que el trabajo en redes es una estrategia eficiente y factible para potenciar el desarrollo en enfermería

The purpose of this study was to identify the research competencies needed by nurses with bachelor, master and doctoral education. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive design; a survey was sent by email to 200 nurses with a 26% response rate. The instrument contains 33 items listing research competencies in the areas of knowledge, analysis, and application. Each item is rated on a scale with four levels that indicate the extent to which the respondents believe that the competency is needed by each level of formation. Content validity was assessed by experts in the subject area. Test-retest reliability was calculated using the percentage agreement method. Results: The greatest percentage of responses was obtained from Chile, followed by Mexico. A total of 82% of the responses were provided by nurses who were research professors or who guided theses. Competencies considered essential for nurses prepared at the bachelor level included knowledge of the steps of the research process and ability to conduct literature reviews. The main differences identified among the different levels of education were related to items about knowledge of the evolution and trends in nursing research, organizations that fund investigations, methods of data analysis, the use of computerized statistical programs, conduct and teaching research, preparation of proposals, and publication. The ethical aspect was considered essential for all levels. Conclusions: The respondents perceive differences in the competencies for the different levels of academic preparation. The results of the study can guide the design of educational programs in nursing research

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar las competencias en investigación correspondientes a licenciatura, magíster y doctorado en enfermería. Método: Diseño descriptivo y transversal, se aplicó una encuesta enviada por correo a 200 enfermeras obtuviéndose un 26% de respuestas. El instrumento contiene 33 ítemes con competencias en investigación en las áreas de conocimiento, análisis y aplicación. Frente a cada ítem se presenta una escala de cuatro tramos, que indica el grado en que la competencia tiene que estar presente según nivel de formación. La validez fue realizada por expertas en el tema. La confiabilidad fue calculada con test-retest utilizando porcentaje de acuerdo. Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de respuestas se obtuvo de Chile, seguido de México. El 82% de las respuestas provino de profesoras de investigación o guías de tesis. Para el nivel de licenciatura se considera esencial el conocimiento de las etapas del proceso investigativo y la realización de búsqueda bibliográfica. Se encontraron discrepancias entre los niveles con relación a los ítemes de conocimiento y tendencia de la investigación, organismos que financian investigaciones, métodos de análisis de datos, uso de programas estadísticos computacionales, aplicación y enseñanza de la investigación, preparación de propuestas y publicaciones. El aspecto ético se señala como esencial en todos los niveles. Conclusiones: Las encuestadas perciben diferencias en las competencias para los diferentes niveles de preparación académica. Los resultados del estudio orientan el diseño de programas de formación en investigación en enfermería

This paper describes a Chilean/Canadian intervention project about Mental Health Promotion with socially disadvantaged women called "Maruja's secrets". We present their objectives, each stage of the intervention process and preliminary evaluations. With the participation of women of the community, health professionals and authorities of health members of La Pintana, we conceive, develop and evaluate an intervention to support and coach women in decision making to improve their personnel and social mental health. The intervention process include design, engaged community nurses, distribution and evaluation of 12 educative color calendars, each one with 14 messages about mental health issues, that were discovered in focus groups with the same women: Identity and self- esteem; communication and selfcare. Each calendar has 14 messages, a self-diagnosis test and addresses of community social resources. Community nurses were involved in the distribution and they evaluate their experience as a way of strengthening nursing identity and the quality of nursing care.

Se descrive una parte de la experiencia del proyecto Chileno/Canadiense: "Promover la salud mental de las mujeres chilenas en desventaja social: Los Secretos de Maruja". Se describen los objetivos, las etapas del proceso, de intervención y los resultados de las evaluaciones preliminares. Con la participación de las mujeres usuárias de los centros de salud, profesionales y autoridades de la comuna de La Pintana, se construyó, aplicó y evaluó un proyecto de intervención para apoyar a las mujeres en la toma de decisiones que favorezcan su salud mental personal, familiar y social. La intervención contempló el diseño, producción, distribución y evaluación de 12 folletos educativos tipo calendarios, cada uno respecto a tres temas de salud mental identificados por las mismas mujeres: Identidad y autoestima, Vínculo y Comunicación y Autocuidado. Además se involucró a las enfermeras que trabajan en los Centros de Salud, quienes incorporaron esta estrategia a la atención de salud habitual y evaluaron su impacto en la identidad, autonomía profesional y en la mejoría de la calidad del cuidado.

Descreve-se uma experiência do projeto chileno-canadense, intitulado "Promover a saúde mental de mulheres chilenas em desvantagem social: os Segredos de Maruja". Apresentam-se os objetivos, as etapas das intervenções e as avaliações preliminares. Com a participação das mulheres usuárias dos Centros de Saúde, profissionais de saúde e autoridades da comunidade de La Pintana, foi construído, aplicado e avaliado um projeto de intervenção para apoiar as mulheres na tomada de decisões que favorecessem sua saúde mental, pessoal, familiar e social. A intervenção contemplou o desenho, a produção, a distribuição e a avaliação de 12 cartilhas educativas tipo calendários, cada uma referente a três temas de saúde mental considerado importante pelas mesmas mulheres: identidade e auto-estima; vínculos e comunicação; e autocuidado. Cada cartilha tem um teste de autodiagnóstico e endereços dos recursos sociais comunitários. Ademais, comprometeu as enfermeiras que trabalham nos Centros de Saúde que incorporaram esta estratégia no seu atendimento habitual e avaliaram seu impacto tanto na sua identidade e autonomia profissional quanto na melhoria da qualidade do cuidado brindado às mulheres.

Descreve-se uma experiência do projeto chileno-canadense, intitulado "Promover a saúde mental de mulheres chilenas em desvantagem social: os Segredos de Maruja". Apresentam-se os objetivos, as etapas das intervenções e as avaliações preliminares. Com a participação das mulheres usuárias dos Centros de Saúde, profissionais de saúde e autoridades da comunidade de La Pintana, foi construído, aplicado e avaliado um projeto de intervenção para apoiar as mulheres na tomada de decisões que favorecessem sua saúde mental, pessoal, familiar e social. A intervenção contemplou o desenho, a produção, a distribuição e a avaliação de 12 cartilhas educativas tipo calendários, cada uma referente a três temas de saúde mental considerado importante pelas mesmas mulheres: identidade e auto-estima; vínculos e comunicação; e autocuidado. Cada cartilha tem um teste de autodiagnóstico e endereços dos recursos sociais comunitários. Ademais, comprometeu as enfermeiras que trabalham nos Centros de Saúde que incorporaram esta estratégia no seu atendimento habitual e avaliaram seu impacto tanto na sua identidade e autonomia profissional quanto na melhoria da qualidade do cuidado brindado às mulheres.

This paper describes a Chilean/Canadian intervention project about Mental Health Promotion with socially disadvantaged women called "Maruja's secrets". We present their objectives, each stage of the intervention process and preliminary evaluations. With the participation of women of the community, health professionals and authorities of health members of La Pintana, we conceive, develop and evaluate an intervention to support and coach women in decision making to improve their personnel and social mental health. The intervention process include design, engaged community nurses, distribution and evaluation of 12 educative color calendars, each one with 14 messages about mental health issues, that were discovered in focus groups with the same women: Identity and self- esteem; communication and selfcare. Each calendar has 14 messages, a self-diagnosis test and addresses of community social resources. Community nurses were involved in the distribution and they evaluate their experience as a way of strengthening nursing identity and the quality of nursing care.

Se descrive una parte de la experiencia del proyecto Chileno/Canadiense: "Promover la salud mental de las mujeres chilenas en desventaja social: Los Secretos de Maruja". Se describen los objetivos, las etapas del proceso, de intervención y los resultados de las evaluaciones preliminares. Con la participación de las mujeres usuárias de los centros de salud, profesionales y autoridades de la comuna de La Pintana, se construyó, aplicó y evaluó un proyecto de intervención para apoyar a las mujeres en la toma de decisiones que favorezcan su salud mental personal, familiar y social. La intervención contempló el diseño, producción, distribución y evaluación de 12 folletos educativos tipo calendarios, cada uno respecto a tres temas de salud mental identificados por las mismas mujeres: Identidad y autoestima, Vínculo y Comunicación y Autocuidado. Además se involucró a las enfermeras que trabajan en los Centros de Salud, quienes incorporaron esta estrategia a la atención de salud habitual y evaluaron su impacto en la identidad, autonomía profesional y en la mejoría de la calidad del cuidado.